3^rd International Conference and Exhibition on Traditional & Alternative Medicine August 03-05, 2015 Birmingham, UK

Jong-Cheng Mou has completed his PhD and Postdoctoral studies in College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University. He majored in Korean Medicine and published several papers in reputed journals. After graduation, he manages the clinic of Korean Medicine in Korea. He has taught Korean Medicine to students in College of Korean Medicine, Semyung University.

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common diseases in humans. About half of the people older than age 50 years have symptomatic hemorrhoids. Swelling and inflammation are typical hemorrhoid symptoms. In Traditional Korean Medicine, Jingyoganghwaltang and Cheongsimhwan have been used to treat diseases in anal fistula. Cheongsimhwan reduces a fever and has anti-inflammatory effects. This study investigated the effect of a mixture of Jingyoganghwaltang and Cheongsimhwan on croton oil induced hemorrhoid model in rats. Male rats aged 6 weeks were divided into three groups: Control, Croton oil stimulated group, and drug (a mixture of Jingyoganghwaltang and Cheongsimhwan) treated group. After three days of drug treatment, the animals except the control group were stimulated for 60 seconds by inserting the croton oil mixture (DW:pyridine:diethyl ether:6% of croton oil in diethyl ether = 1:4:5:10) into the anus. After 4 hours, all rats were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, and retro-anal tissue was excised for histological, immunohistochemical analysis and western blotting. The weight of retro-anal tissue of the drug treated group was decreased to 86.4±2.9% (compared to 100% of the croton oil treated group). In a histological study of rectro-anal sections, severe inflammation can be observed in the croton oil treated group, and the drug treated group showed the reduction of inflammation. Additionally, the drug treated group showed the decrease in contents of ICAM1, MMP2 and MMP9 compared to the croton oil stimulated group. These results suggest that the treatment with Jingyoganghwaltang and Cheongsimhwan demonstrates the anti-inflammatory effects in croton oil induced hemorrhoid model in rats.

Fangfang Mo has completed her M.D. in 2012 from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine(BUCM), School of Basic Medical Sciences with Prof. Sihua Gao as her teacher. In the same year, she became a lecturer in BUCM. And she is working on research of correlation between zang and fu organs in TCM and diabetes prevention and treatment with chinese herbs based on integrating Chinese medicine with modern medicine. She has published more than 10 papers in journals.

Diabetes is the syndrome of sugar, protein, fat, water and electrolyte metabolic disorder that occurs when the body cannot produce enough or effectively use insulin. And it can be assigned to Emaciation-Thirst Disease in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). According to the basic understanding of TCM and pathophysiological knowledge of western medicine, it can be found that pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the combination of protective qi deficiency, dampness and phlegm, blood stasis and inner heat due to disorders of liver, spleen and kidney function. Based on the characteristic of pathogenesis, Prof. Sihua Gao puts forward the conception of “treatment for T2DM by regulating liver, spleen and kidney together”, and prescribes three formulas of Chinese herbs which are named jiangtangxiaoke formula I, formula II, and formula III. All of the above prescriptions have good clinical efficacy. Furthermore, jiangtangxiaoke formula I used should be nourishing kidney, supplemented by tonifying spleen soothing liver, reinforcing both qi and yin, and activating blood. Jiangtangxiaoke formula II used should be soothing liver, supplemented by tonifying spleen nourishing kidney, regulating qi and clearing heat. Jiangtangxiaoke formula III used should be tonifying spleen, supplemented by soothing liver nourishing kidney, reinforcing qi and removing dampness. Meanwhile, Prof. Gao proposes the whole thinking of T2DM prevention. A series of specific methods are presented, such as self-psychological adjustment, reasonable dietary habit, appropriate exercise program and choosing the right music. And the aim is to tonify spleen, soothe liver and nourish kidney. Thus it can be seen that “treatment for T2DM by regulating liver, spleen and kidney together” integrates Chinese medicine with modern medicine. And this idea enriches scientific basis of TCM, offers a new thought for understanding the mechanism, and plays an important role in diagnosis, prevention and control, treatment as well as development of effective drugs for T2DM.

Paul Keogh is a qualified naturopath and medical herbalist and the Co-founder and Technical Director of Global Therapeutics Pty Ltd., trading as Fusion®Health and Oriental Botanicals®. He has been researching and developing integrated Chinese and Western herbal medicine products for more than 25 years including 15 years in clinical practice.

Fallopia multiflora based Chinese herbal formulas have been used to promote growth of hair in traditional medicine, however less is known regarding its pharmacological activities on hair follicles. The cell proliferative effects of F. multiflora extract (Phytofol®), Four Substances extract (FSE) Follicel® which is a Chinese medicine including Phytofol® and FSE, and 2,3,5,4’-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-D-glucoside(THSG), a constituent in Phytofol®, on Dermal Papilla (DP) cells of human hair follicles were determined by MTT assay. The results showed that Follicel®, Phytofol® and FSE stimulated proliferation of DP cells at low concentrations, butwere cytotoxic to DP cells at high concentrations. The order of potency promoting DP cells proliferation were Follicel®>Phytofol®> FSE. THSG showed a concentration-dependent effect on the proliferation of DP cells and was superior to the drug minoxidil. The results of this study suggested that Follicel®, Phytofol®, FSE and THSG might promote hair growth by inducing and prolonging the anagen phase through the proliferative effect on DP cells. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to find that the traditional formula Four Substances stimulates the proliferation of DP cells, and that Phytofol® and FSE together may have a synergistic action to promote hair growth. Although, THSG is one of the active constituents in prepared F. multiflora extract that promotes hair growth, there may be other yet unidentified active constituents in both Follicel® and Phytofol®.

Junhong Gao, MD is Associate Professor of Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. His research interest is to explore the mechanism of acupuncture and moxibustion and joint administration of acupuncture and drugs. So far totally 3 research projects are/were granted by National Natural Science Foundation of China and Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (as the principal investigator), and more than 40 articles in total were published in reputed journals.

Objective: To compare the effects of carbamyl-β-methylcholine chloride (CMCC) administered byintra-acupuncture point injection (IAI), intramuscularinjection (IMI), and intravenous injection (IVI), and to analyze the mechanisms. Methods: In the IAI group, CMCC was injected into the Zusanliacupoint (ST 36) immediately after 30-min stimulation by electro-acupuncture (EA) at the acupoints, and into the femoral vein and skeletal muscle in IVI and IMI groups, respectively. Intragastric pressure was detected. The plasma concentration of CMCC was measured at various times. Results: The gastric effect of CMCC in the IVI group was enhanced and attenuated more rapidly than in the other groups. In the IAI group, this effect was significantly stronger than that in the IMI group at 2 min and 15 min, but not significantly different between the two groups at 5 min and 30 min. Plasma concentration of CMCC in the IAI group was similar to that in the IVI group at 2 min, but higher than that in the IMI group. The concentrationin the IAI group was higher than that in the IV group and similar to that in the IMI group at 5, 15 and 30 min, indicating rapid increase and slower reduction of the plasma concentration of the drug in the IAI group. There was a positive correlation between the plasma concentration of CMCC and intragastric pressure in all groups. Conclusion: The effect of IAI with CMCC was stronger than that of IMI and long-lasting than that of IVI, which correlated with the blood concentration of CMCC.

Léia Fortes Salles,RN, PhD. Post doctorated from the Nursing School - University of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Specializing in Integrative Medicine, Iridology and Flower Therapy. Member of the group of complementary and alternative therapies studies -National Research Council.

Objective: Determining the immediate effect of Reiki on abnormal blood pressure. Methods: An experimental, double-blind study, in which were included 66 hypertensive patients, randomizedto the three following study groups: control, placebo and experimental. The intervention lasted 20 minutes, the control group remained at rest, the placebo group received an imitation of the studied technique (mock Reiki) and the experimental group received the Reiki technique. Blood pressure was measured before and after the intervention by the same person with the same instrument. Results: There was a decrease in blood pressure in the three groups and the reduction was greater in the experimental group, followed by the placebo and the control group. The ANOVA model for repeated measures showed a statistically significant difference among the groups (p <0.0001). Conclusion: Reiki had a positive effect on reducing abnormal blood pressure, suggesting being a complementary technique for the control of hypertension.

Ricky Szu-Ying, Wu has completed his undergraduate studies at Chang Gung University and earned his medical degree in 2012. He is a CAM resident at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital with a major in acupuncture and traumatology. He is the vice secretary-general of Taiwan Association of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy Quality. His research topics focus on low level laser acupuncture and treatment of sleep disorders. Recent clinical interest of Ricky is about sports medicine.

Background: Sepsis is a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. Previous studies have revealed sepsis is accompanied with increasing oxidative stress. Toona sinensis (TS), a Chinese medicine, possess a variety of biological activities, including playing as an antioxidant. Therefore, TS extract was selected to investigate its influence on those biological effects of sepsis. Methods: RAW 264.7 cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of TS extracts with or without lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Then the cell levels of superoxide anion, MDA, NO2, NO3, NO, GSH, and GSSG, and the activities of GPx, GRx and SOD were evaluated. Additionally, the protein expressions of iNOS and GSTPi were also assayed. Results: Under the lipopolysaccharide exposure, pre-treating with TS extracts, compared to none, could decrease the O2 generations, and MDA levels. The levels of NO2, NO3, NO, GSSG, activities of GPx, GRx, SOD and the expressions of iNOS were also decreased. Conclusion: This study showed that the pre-supplementation of TS extracts could prevent cell damage from lipopolysaccharide exposure through decreasing the oxidative stress by the RAW264.7 sepsis model.

Ancestors greatly depended on local flora and fauna for their survival and would experiment with various fruits, roots, animal parts and minerals to find out what effects they had. As a result, broadly-based biological resources have been used as therapeutic agent or their raw materials for long periods of time and are as relevant today as ever. Particularly the Nagoya Protocol on Access and Benefit-sharing is an innovative multilateral environmental agreement, which has considerable implications for the rights of indigenous peoples and local communities, for research and commercial development activities in various sectors, as well as for food security, health, trade, oceans, and development cooperation. Therefore, the government-driven, National Institute of Biological Resources in Korea (NIBR), declared establishment of infrastructure for natural products bank is necessary for the recognition of our right on biological resource. Natural products may be extracted from tissues of terrestrial plants, marine organism or microorganism fermentation broths. A crude extract from any one of these sources typically contains novel, structurally diverse chemical compounds, which the natural environment is a rich source. NIBR developed and established the natural products bank of biological resources from wild, uncultivated populations for the first time in Korea. It is well recognized that there is a high correlation among identification, collection, extraction of the biological resources for research on natural products. Hence approximately 500 accessions were collected and 2178 extractions were prepared of biological resources in company with taxonomists and researchers of natural products. Furthermore, NIBR ensured the standardized application of preconditioning process and extraction protocol for mid/long term management. And a stock of extraction is maintained as dry powder according to the standardized procedure. These standardized and normalized extracts are far quicker and easier to screen and analyze than self-extraction, and then will be used for the raw materials of application of industrialization

Yuxue Zhao has completed her PhD at the age of 30 years from China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. She is a Research Assistant at Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences.

To observe the effects of acupuncture on motility of jejunum and distal colon at different acupoints on normal Kunming mice.Changes of bowel were compared with the background activity recorded before any stimulation. The chosen acupoints were as follows: Zusanli (ST36) on the lower legs, Tianshu (ST25) on the mid-lower abdomen. Manual acupuncture (MA) at Zusanli (ST36) significantly promoted the motility of jejunum and distal colon (manifested as increased change rate of average amplitude and increased change rate of mean area under the contractile curve) of normal Kunming mice (P<0.01). Manual acupuncture at Tianshu (ST25) significantly inhibited the motility of jejunum (manifested as decreased change rate of average amplitude, decreased change rate of mean area under the contractile curve, and the reduced frequency) of normal Kunming mice (P<0.01), while significantly increased the distal colonic motility (manifested as increased amplitude and increased mean area under the contractile curve) of normal Kunming mice (P<0.01). In conclusion, manual acupuncture at specific acupoints (ST36, ST25) has different effects on the motility of jejunum and distal colon, which might involve the segmental innervations of the related nerve.

Sanghyun lee currently working as Head of Department of Integrative Plant Science, Chung-Ang University, Korea, 2003-2005: Research Professor in Biohealth Product Research Center, Inje University, Korea, 1997-2002: Chief Researcher, Natural Product Research Institute, Seoul National University, Korea, Ph.D in Seoul National University (Major: Natural Product Chemistry, 1997-2002), Korea MS in Kyungpook National University (Major: Medicinal Plant, 1993-1996), Korea Bs. in Kyungpook National University (Major: Agronomy, 1988-1993), Korea

We investigated 9 kinds of ramie (Boehmeria nivea, (L.) Gaud., Bn; hereafter denoted as Bn) for their protective action against oxidative stress in a cellular system using C6 glial cells. We observed loss of cell viability and high levels of ROS generation after treatment with H2O2 and Aβ25-35. However, treatments with Bn extracts led to an increase in cell viability and decreasein ROS production induced by H2O2 and Aβ25-35. In particular, the extracts of Bn-02 (seobang variety from Seocheon) and Bn-90 (local variety from Yeonggwang) showed excellent anti-oxidative properties. This indicates that Bn extracts could prevent neurodegeneration by reducing oxidative stress in cells.

To investigate the therapeutic activities of compounds from natural plant source, the seeds of Perilla frutescens var. japonica were tested for inhibition of aldose reductase inhibition (ARI). The EtOH extracts of P. frutescens var. japonica were tested ARI. Additionally, stepwise polarity fractions and compounds from P. frutescens var. japonica were exhibited ARI. The compounds were identified as luteolin (1), apigenin (2), diosmetin (3), kaempferol (4), β-sitosterol (5), and daucosterol (6) by NMR. As a result, the EtOAc fraction and flavonoids (compounds 1-4) showed good ARI. Our results expect that the seeds of P. frutescens var. japonica could be useful and helpful ARI materials against various diabetic complications.

Jiliang Fang has completed his PhD from Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Postdoctoral studies from Massachusetts General Hospital & Harvard Medical School. He is the Deputy Director of Department of Radiology, Guang’anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences. He has published more than 15 papers in international reputed journals in imaging study on acupuncture.

Clinical practice shows that acupuncture at Neiguan point can relieve angina of coronary heart disease, but its mechanism is unknown. Various cardiac imaging tools, including ECG, ultrasound, CT and MR were used to visualize how acupuncture improves chronic myocardial ischemia. Ten healthy Chinese miniature pigs were recruited in this experiment. All were operated by implantation of Ameroid narrow ring around the superior-middle part of the left anterior coronary artery and became the models of chronic myocardial ischemia after 4 weeks. 5 cases were dead due to heart failure after 3 weeks of postoperation. However, another 5 survived cases participated in the acupuncture experiment. Each case was embedded with needle in the Neiguan point on the right anterior limb. The treatment lasted for 2 weeks. All imaging measurements were conducted before and after acupuncture treatment. 4 weeks postoperation, 5 cases were found pathological Q wave of ECG, 2 cases of anterior wall of left ventricle, 2 cases of anterior-medial wall, the anterior-lateral wall in 1 case. R wave was showed in lower or flat. Ultrasound, CT and MR of Cardiac imaging showed the reduced left ventricular ejection fraction from 5 to 50%. After 2 weeks’ treatment of acupuncture at Neiguan, 4 cases showed the decreased heart rate. R wave was higher than before and the left ventricular ejection fraction increased from 10% to 50%. But 1 case showed no obvious change. The needle embedding therapy at Neiguan point improves the chronic myocardial ischemia state in pig model.

To investigate the therapeutic activities of compounds from natural plant source, the seeds of Perilla frutescens var. japonica were tested for inhibition of aldose reductase inhibition (ARI). The EtOH extracts of P. frutescens var. japonica were tested ARI. Additionally, stepwise polarity fractions and compounds from P. frutescens var. japonica were exhibited ARI. The compounds were identified as luteolin (1), apigenin (2), diosmetin (3), kaempferol (4), β-sitosterol (5), and daucosterol (6) by NMR. As a result, the EtOAc fraction and flavonoids (compounds 1-4) showed good ARI. Our results expect that the seeds of P. frutescens var. japonica could be useful and helpful ARI materials against various diabetic complications.

Skin, which covers the entire outer surface of the body, is the largest organ. In humans, the skin interfaces with the environment and is the first line of defense against external factors. And also it plays key part in the barometer of anti-aging these days. For these reason, skin care is one of the fastest growing areas of cosmetic industry, in the twenty-first century. We have focused on the anti-aging effect of the extracts from Nelumbo nucifera on the anti-wrinkle and whitening activities. When the procollagen and elastase inhibition assay were measured, the fruit extract of N. nucifera had a concentration-dependent effect on procollagen synthesis. And all parts, leaf, fruit, and embryo of N. nucifera, had elastase inhibition activity. In the whitening assay, we found that melanin synthesis was reduced in cell treated these extract of fruit and embryo from N. nucifera. In conclusion, the extracts of N. nucifera overall had excellent properties. In addition to the anti-wrinkle, and whitening activities, all the N. nucifera extracts displayed excellent and desirable cosmetic properties. Thus, N. nucifera provides many cosmetical ingredients.

Xin Jiang has completed her PhD from Harbin Medical University and Postdoctoral studies from Fudan University and visitor scholar from The Johns Hopkins University. She engaged in natural products research on Mtb for more than ten years. She has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Tuberculosis (TB) control faces the lack of new drug. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is a typical intracellular bacterium. It can inhibit autophagy to survive by intervening in the fusion of phagosome with lysosome. More and more evidences suggest that autophagy is very important in the clearance of intracellular Mtb, and it becomes to be an effective target for treatment of TB. So, how to enhance autophagy in order to kill intracellular bacteria? Eukaryotic cells have two protein degradation systems: ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy-lysosome system. Accumulating data suggest that autophagy is activated as a compensatory mechanism upon proteasome activity is impaired. Some plant-derived natural products with proteasome inhibitory activities were found in our previous study, and these products can enhance the activities of autophagy, and the clearance of intracellular Mtb. The status quo is that research and development of anti-TB drugs still focus on the inhibition and killing Mtb itself. According to the characteristic of intracellular bacterium, it may be an effective way to explore how to regulate the host macrophage protein degradation systems to clear intracellular Mtb. The discovery of new drugs on regulating autophagy will open a new window to shorten the TB treatment and relieve the thorny situation of MDR, as well as provides a beneficial attempt for the development of new anti TB drugs.

Background: Traditional Korean medicine (TKM) is acknowledged to be prevalent among the Korean public, but few follow-up studies are available to confirm this commonly held belief. Whereas most survey studies have focused on the demographic factors influencing the usage of TKM, only a few studies have conducted a pattern or trend analysis over time. The purpose of this paper is to observe and document recent trends in the usage of TKM in South Korea and to compare overall patterns of TKM use over a period of several years. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2011 to assess TKM usage patterns and public perceptions regarding TKM. An online questionnaire was administered to consenting respondents that focused upon individual preferences between TKM and current Western medicine, respondents’ reasons for using TKM, the frequency of respondents’ visits to TKM clinics, the reasons respondents visited TKM clinics, and respondents’ perceived satisfaction. Results: The results revealed that 66.6% of the respondents showed a positive attitude toward TKM. In addition, 69.3% of the respondents had visited TKM clinics one to four times during the previous year. Patients used TKM with the intentions of receiving acupuncture (95.3%), moxibustion (40.1%), and cupping (36.0%) treatments or to take herbal medicines (35.7%). Most respondents who had visited TKM clinics were largely satisfied with the clinics’ effectiveness (56.1%). The factors most commonly associated with TKM usage included sex (female), age (50s), and education (college or higher), but the within-factor differences were not significant. Compared with a previous survey of other groups, TKM usage was found to have increased from 45.8% in 2008 to 69.3% in 2011. With the exception of acupuncture and physical therapy, most usage doubled or more than doubled. Conclusions: The attitudes toward and usage of TKM in South Korea have improved between 2008 and 2011. This result will be used to explain outcomes of certain social phenomena and to argue for national support in the promotion of TKM.

O S Awotunde has completed his MSc from University of Ilorin and is presently doing his PhD at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso Nigeria. He is presently a lecturer at Habib Medical School, IUIU Kampala Uganda. He has presented papers at many conferences in Nigeria, Uganda and India. He is co-author of a published paper in reputed journal and has a published paper and 2 published abstract papers. He teaches Biochemistry and serves as departmental tutorial head.

The aqueous extract of Massularia acuminate root a plant with androgenic potentials at the doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight was investigated for its toxicological implication on selected enzyme activities, liver function and kidney function parameters in vivo and in vitro in male Wistar rats. Phytochemical screening reveals the presence of alkaloids, anthraquinones, saponins, phenolics, flavonoids and tannins in the extract. It caused labilization in some organs whereas it induced the synthesis of enzymes in some others by the increase and decrease (p<0.05) in the activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and gamma-glutamyl transferase. There was increase (p<0.05) in serum total and conjugated bilirubin, increase (p<0.05) in serum globulin and serum albumin at the highest dose of 200 mg/kg body weight. A significant increase (p<0.05) in sodium and potassium ions at various doses following the administration of the extract was revealed. Also an increase (p<0.05) in potassium and calcium ions occurred after day 7 following the administration of the extract at the doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight. The serum urea and creatinine increased at all doses. Therefore, such alterations in the normal levels of the liver and kidney function indices, and tissue enzymes might adversely affect the normal functioning of the biomolecules and by extension, the organs.

Toxicity of indigenous plant Ambrosia maritima was investigated. Twenty four, 6-8 month old, 12 female and 12 male of Sudanese Nubian goats were used. Dried leaves powder of Ambrosia maritime were mixed with water and given orally by drench to the animals at a dose of 1000 or 2000 mg/kg/day for 18 week. Two females drenched with the plant at a dose of 1000 mg/kg/day, died at day 8 and 9 post treatment and one female drenched with the plant at a dose of 2000/kg/day died at day 13. The results revealed that female goats drenched with the plant for 18 weeks, showed chronic toxicity evident by clinical symptoms, pathological and biochemical changes. The main symptoms were watery diarrhea, inappetance, respiratory distress and depression. Later these symptoms disappeared and the animals appeared healthy. The most evident pathological features were hydrothorax, hydropretonium, hydropericardium and enlargement of the liver. Histopathological changes were exemplified by degeneration and necrosis of the hepatic cells. The various changes noticed are focal necrosis, congestion and haemorrhag of proximal convoluted tubules, necrosis of intestinal vili with severe infelteration of inflammatory cells, and congestion of alveolar capillaries and pancreatic hyperplasia.These changes were correlated to the activity of Asparate Aminotransferase (AST), Alkaline phosphate (ALP), the concentration of cholesterol, sodium and potassium in the serum, and with the haematological values. The effect of the plant on males was less marked compared to that on female goats. There was gradual increase in mean body-weight of both sexes.

Mohammad Sadat Ali has completed his MSc (Microbiology) at the age of 24 years from Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwda University and MPhil Annamalai University. He is currently working as a Microbiology Lecturer at A’Sharqiyah University, Oman. He has published 2 papers in reputed journals. He is pursuing Hijama Cupping Therapy (Dip.HCT) from Hijamanation, United Kingdom and has been doing research in Islamic medicine focusing on Screening of Antimicrobial activities and isolation of bioactive compounds from the medicinal plants mentioned in prophetic medicine (Tibb an Nabawi), Camel urine, Camel Milk, Honey and Hijama therapy (Cupping Therapy).

Four plants namely, Allium sativum (Garlic), Allium cepa (Onion), Citrus limon (Lemon) Zingiber officinale (Ginger) and samples of Honey, Nigella sativa (Black seed) oil, Olea europaea (Olive) oil, Zam Zam water and Camel’s urine were tested for the antibacterial effect on six clinical isolates viz: Escherichia coli, Staphylococci aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Micrococcus luteus and Proteus. The crude extracts of Garlic, Lemon, Onion and Lemon were filtered by sterilized Whatman filter paper No: 1 under aseptic conditions. The filtered extracts and samples of Honey, Black seed oil, Olive oil, were tested for antibacterial effect by well diffusion technique and the Zone of Inhibition was compared with standard antibiotics viz: Ampicillin, Chloramphenicol, Erythromycin, Cefoxitin, Penicillin, Streptomycin, Sulphafurazole, and Tetracycline. The zone of inhibition produced by the samples was compared with that of standard antibiotics. Honey was found to possess more antibacterial properties than any other antibiotic against E. coli, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. Garlic was found to possess more antibacterial properties than any other antibiotic against Proteus, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus and it has better activity than Tetracycline and Sulphafurazole against Klebsiella. Lemon exhibited better antibacterial effect against Bacillus than Tetracycline. Honey, Garlic and Onion were able to inhibit Micrococcus effectively which was resistant to the all of antibiotics under study. Camel’s urine was active against E. coli, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Staphylococcus. This study confirms scientifically that the foods and other traditional medicine stated in Quran and a hadiths have a scientific basis for the treatment of diseases.

Richard Lobo is an alumnus of Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences (MCOPS). He completed his BPharm with distinction in 1999 from Mangalore University, MPharm in Pharmacognosy with 1st rank and PhD in Pharmacognosy in 2003 and in 2009 respectively from Manipal University. He joined teaching in Pharmacognosy in MCOPS in 2004. He has published more than 40 research and review articles in reputed national and international journals, and contributed 2 chapters in two books. He is working as an Associate Editor for BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine since 2012, as Editorial Board Member for Journal of Pharmaceutical Crops and Current Traditional Medicine – Bentham Science and Journal of Bioequivalence Studies by Annex publishers. He has teaching experience of more than 10 years, guided more than 10 PG students, and presently guiding 3 PhD scholars. He is an external examiner for reputed universities for UG, PG and PhD exams. Presently he was working as Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacognosy, MCOPS, Manipal University.

Indian habitant Anisochilus carnosus (L.F.) Wall. Lamiaceae, annual shrub is found in hilarious regions of Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Rajasthan. Dry leaves of A. carnosus have been studied and flavonoids like luteolin, apigenin, and luteolin-7-glucoside were reported. Traditionally this plant is used to treat respiratory, skin, ulcer ailments. Bhilla tribes of Maharashtra, use its roots for cold, cough and fever. Paliyar tribal community of Tamil Nadu uses the leaf paste to treat skin diseases such as eczema and psoriasis. Material & Methods: Swiss albino mice were divided into 7 groups. Group (G) 1 mice (Normal group) received 0.05% acacia gum, G2 mice Disease control. G3 and G4 EAC mice + A.carnosus ethanolic extract i.p. 30 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg b.wt, G5 and G6 EAC mice+ aqueous extract 50 mg/kg and 100mg/kg. G7 EAC mice + Cisplatin (3.5mg/kg b.wt.). Following this, various factors such as tumor volume, tumor cell viability, tumor weight, prolongation of life span and haematological parameters were assessed. From the results obtained it was found there was significant lowering of all the above parameters in EAC bearing mice, considerable prolongation of host life span and restoration of haematological parameters to normal levels. with A. carnosus treatment. This could possibly be attributed to the phytoconstituents present in the plant such as flavonoids, phytosterol, saponins, phenols, tannins and volatile oil. Therefore A. carnosus is a promising alternative to synthetic substances as natural compound and is useful in cancer and prevention treatment.

UV irradiation damages skin cells by the photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damages nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, including collagen. UVB light is mainly absorbed in the epidermis, which impairs the synthesis of collagen and induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and hence contributes to wrinkle formation. Antioxidants protect skin from free radicals, thus fighting the signs of aging. The antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Morus alba and Morus nigra was evaluated applying: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), diammonium salt (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and ferrous ion-chelating assay. The anti-wrinkle activity was assessed by subcutaneous administration of EAR/15weeks in UVB irradiated mice then measuring wrinkle score, MMP-2 & MMP-9 gene expression, in addition to, measuring skin thickness and elasticity histologically. M. alba and M. nigra leaves showed high free radical scavenging activity against DPPH with IC50 494 and 726 g/ml, respectively, and against ABTS•+ with IC50 765.69 and 897.66 g/ml, respectively, both leaves also showed high Fe3+ and Fe2+ chelating ability. Anti-wrinkle results revealed that M. alba and M. nigra leaves inhibited MMP-2 expression (0.6±0.04 and 0.54±0.08, respectively), MMP-9 (0.78±0.06 and 0.68±0.08, respectively) and low wrinkle score (2.65±0.42 and 2.44±0.48, respectively), these results were significant with respect to the diseased group which showed 0.72±0.08, 1.28± 0.2 and 3.70±0.23 for MMP-2, MMP-9 and score wrinkles. The metabolic profile of the ethanolic extracts of both leaves was studied using LC-MS technique. The high antioxidant activity of the standardized EAR is responsible for its anti-wrinkle activity and hence could be incorporated in skin formulations, based on its antioxidant activity

UV irradiation damages skin cells by the photochemical generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that damages nucleic acids, lipids, and proteins, including collagen. UVB light is mainly absorbed in the epidermis, which impairs the synthesis of collagen and induces matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and hence contributes to wrinkle formation. Antioxidants protect skin from free radicals, thus fighting the signs of aging. The antioxidant capacity of the ethanolic extract of the leaves of Morus alba and Morus nigra was evaluated applying: 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2`-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), diammonium salt (ABTS•+), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay and ferrous ion-chelating assay. The anti-wrinkle activity was assessed by subcutaneous administration of EAR/15weeks in UVB irradiated mice then measuring wrinkle score, MMP-2 & MMP-9 gene expression, in addition to, measuring skin thickness and elasticity histologically. M. alba and M. nigra leaves showed high free radical scavenging activity against DPPH with IC50 494 and 726 g/ml, respectively, and against ABTS•+ with IC50 765.69 and 897.66 g/ml, respectively, both leaves also showed high Fe3+ and Fe2+ chelating ability. Anti-wrinkle results revealed that M. alba and M. nigra leaves inhibited MMP-2 expression (0.6±0.04 and 0.54±0.08, respectively), MMP-9 (0.78±0.06 and 0.68±0.08, respectively) and low wrinkle score (2.65±0.42 and 2.44±0.48, respectively), these results were significant with respect to the diseased group which showed 0.72±0.08, 1.28± 0.2 and 3.70±0.23 for MMP-2, MMP-9 and score wrinkles. The metabolic profile of the ethanolic extracts of both leaves was studied using LC-MS technique. The high antioxidant activity of the standardized EAR is responsible for its anti-wrinkle activity and hence could be incorporated in skin formulations, based on its antioxidant activity.

Namfon Baowthongkum has completed her Master degree at the age of 4 years from Ramkhamhang University. She has published 2 papers in reputed journals and has been serving as an Editorial Board Member of repute.

The traditional health care and healing by folk medicine was established on the basis of the relationship between human and nature, human to human. Health care and Health medicine at the local of Thailand had compassion and faith in Buddhism. The objective of this research was to study local wisdom of health care and traditional herbs usage of community in north of Thailand: Case study of folk medicine in Phetchabun province. The key-informants were 25 folk medicine, as well as 25 people chosen by purposive sampling. Data collection was in-depth interviews and observation. Data analysis was performed through content analysis. The finding were as follows: 1) Local wisdom of health care and healing by folk medicine which included Herbal Therapy, Massage Therapy, Psychotherapy and Blowers Therapy. The treatment procedures are mostly mixed, usually involving “blowing methods” combined with other types of treatment. The blowing method used magical spelling and prayers with betel-chewing. The betel-chewing was the traditional herbs and ancient cultures in Thailand and Southeast Asia. A betel quid consist of four components: betel leaf, areca nuts, slaked lime and Acacia catechu Willd. These traditional herbs were health medicine. Health conditions and symptoms that folk medicines often and successfully treat were colic, inflamed wounds, herpes zoster and viral conjunctivitis. 2) The local wisdom of herbal usage: Classification of herbal 2 types was 81 herbal medicine and 21 herbal medicine and food. The herbal plants used were those found or grown in the village and community forest.

Genus Psidium (Family Myrtaceae) comprises approximately 150 species of small trees and shrubs in which only 20 species produce edible fruits and the rest are wild with inferior quality of fruits. Most commonly cultivated is the common guava, (Psidium guajava L.) and other cultivated species include; Cattely guava (P. cattleianum Sabine), the Brazilian guava (P. guineense Sw.) and Costa Rician guava (P. friedrichsthalianum Ndz.). The present study aims to evaluate antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of chloroform:methanol (80:20) extracts (CME) of both Psidium guajava L. and Psidium cattleianum Sabine leaves and their nano-formulated liposomes against paracetamol-induced liver damage in rats. The based nano-liposomes were prepared using thin film hydration method. Biochemical analysis was based on monitoring serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP and total bilirubin. The liver homogenate was used for determination of GSH, MDA. Histopathological alterations were also studied. Significant hepatoprotective effects were observed as evident from decreased levels of AST, ALT, ALP, MDA and total bilirubin as well as restoration of decreased GSH level in the two studied Psidium extracts pre-treated groups (250, 500 mg/kg.b.wt) and their respective nano-liposomes (500 mg/kg.b.wt) compared to the diseased group. Both Psidium nano-lipososmes showed better activity relative to their extracts in the histopathological study, which was almost comparable to standard silymarin. On the other hand, secondary metabolites profile of P. guajava L. and P. cattleianum Sabine was also investigated using (UPLC-PDA-ESI-qTOF-MSn). These results provide a promising nutraceutical-approach for the usage of P. guajava L. and P. cattleianum as hepatoprotectives.

Ocimum (sweet basil) is a plant of considerable commercial importance in traditional medicine worldwide as well as for the flavor and sweets industry. The goal of this study was to examine Ocimum essential oils anti-acetylcholinesterase activity and to correlate the activity with their chemical profiles using a metabolome based GC-MS approach coupled to chemometrics. Further, molecular docking was adopted to rationalize for activity found in most active essential oil isolates. Essential oil prepared from 4 species including O. basilicum, O. africanum, O. americanum and O. minimum exhibited significant inhibitory activity with an IC50 values (0.22, 0.175, 0.57, 0.152 mg/ml) respectively comparable to that of physostigmine with an IC50 value of (0.27 mg/ml). Monoterpene hydrocarbons constituted the most dominant chemical group among Ocimum oils: O. basilicum 60.8%, O. africanum 90.5%, O. americanum 95.4% and O. minimum 41.7%, with camphor amounting for ca. 50% in O. africanum and O. americanum, respectively. Monoterprenoid-derived phenolic ethers (i.e. estragole) constituted the most dominant chemical group among O. basilicum and O. minimum, whereas camphor (a ketone) was the most abundant in O. africanum and americanum. Supervised and unsupervised multivariate data analysis clearly separated O. africanum & americanum from other accessions, with estragole, camphor and to less extent -linalool contributing for species segregation. Estragole was found the most active AchE inhibitor (IC50 0.05 mg/ ml) followed by cineole (IC50 0.35 mg/ml), eugenol (IC50 6.62 mg/ml) and camphor (IC50 3.263 mg/ml). Molecular docking revealed that these monoterpenoids bind to key amino acids in ACE enzyme catalytic domain similar to well known anticholinesterase drugs i.e., huperzine, physostigmine and aricept and posing them as a novel class of AchE inhibitors.